Wilke is a surname of German origin, which is medieval pet form of the personal name Wilhelm. A related English surname is Wilkie. The surname Wilke may refer to:
- Axel Downard-Wilke, New Zealand transport planner
- Birthe Wilke, Danish singer
- Christian Gottlob Wilke (1788–1854), German theologian
- Günther Wilke (1925–2016), German chemist
- Gustav Wilke (1898–1977), German general
- Hannah Wilke (1940–1993), American artist
- Henry F. Wilke (1857–1931), American politician
- Julius A. R. Wilke (1860–1914), American sailor
- Kristof Wilke, German rower
- Marcel Wilke, German footballer
- Marina Wilke, German rowing cox
- René Wilke, German politician, mayor of Frankfurt (Oder)
- Richard B. Wilke, American Businessman
- Robert J. Wilke (1914–1989), American actor
- Rudolf Wilke (1873–1908), German artist
- Ulfert Wilke (1907–1987), American artist
- Wotan Wilke Möhring, German actor
