Cultivation may refer to:
- The state of having or expressing a good education (bildung), refinement, culture, or high culture
- Gardening
- The controlled growing of organisms by humans
- Agriculture, the land-based cultivation and breeding of plants, fungi and domesticated animals
- Crop farming, the mass-scale cultivation of plants as staple food or industrial crop
- Horticulture, the cultivation of non-staple plants such as vegetables, fruits, flowers, trees and grass
- Fungiculture, the cultivation of mushrooms and other fungi for producing food, medicine and other commercially valued products
- Animal husbandry, the breeding of domesticated mammals and birds (poultry), and occasionally amphibians and reptiles
- Insect farming, the breeding of economic insects such as honeybees, silkworms and cochineals
- Aquaculture, the controlled breeding or "farming" of aquatic animals, plants and algae
- Pisciculture, the breeding of fish
- Algaculture, the breeding of algae, particularly seaweeds
- Agriculture, the land-based cultivation and breeding of plants, fungi and domesticated animals
- Tillage, the cultivation of fertile soil
- Land development
- Colonization, socio-political cultivation of land
- Colonialism, the idea of socio-political cultivation of land and people
- Civilizing mission, cultivation of people in the sense of cultural assimilation or forced assimilation
- Developmentalism
- Microbiological culture, a method of multiplying microbial organisms
- Cultivation theory, George Gerbner's model of media effects
- A common translation for several terms originating in Chinese and broader East Asian philosophy and literature, such as Qigong and Kung Fu practices, Self-cultivation, and certain supernatural tropes often featured in Xianxia fiction.
- As a proper noun
- Cultivation, a video game by Jason Rohrer
- Cultivation, a 2006 album by Gram Rabbit
- Cultivate (store)
